It is legally protected in Canada, Mexico, and the United States by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act.

Its latitudinal limits fall around the tree line in the Arctic and the species is absent from the high Arctic. The red-tailed hawk occupies a wide range of habitats and altitudes, including deserts, grasslands, coniferous and deciduous forests, agricultural fields, and urban areas. Red-tailed hawks can acclimate to all the biomes within their range, occurring on the edges of non-ideal habitats such as dense forests and sandy deserts. The bird is sometimes also referred to as the red-tail for short, when the meaning is clear in context. The red-tailed hawk is one of three species colloquially known in the United States as the ' chickenhawk', though it rarely preys on standard-sized chickens. It is one of the most common members within the genus of Buteo in North America or worldwide. The red-tailed hawk ( Buteo jamaicensis) is a bird of prey that breeds throughout most of North America, from the interior of Alaska and northern Canada to as far south as Panama and the West Indies.

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